History of the Republic of India

Main articles: History of the Republic of India, Partition of India, and Pakistan movement

On 3 June 1947, Viscount Louis Mountbatten, the last British Governor-General of India, announced the partitioning of British India into India and Pakistan. With the speedy passage through the British Parliament of the Indian Independence Act 1947, at 11:57 on 14 August 1947 Pakistan was declared a separate nation, and at 12:02, just after midnight, on 15 August 1947, India also became an independent nation. Violent clashes between Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims followed. Prime Minister Nehru and Deputy Prime Minister Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel invited Mountbatten to continue as Governor General of India. He was replaced in June 1948 by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari. Patel took on the responsibility of bringing into the Indian Union 565 princely states, steering efforts by his “iron fist in a velvet glove” policies, exemplified by the use of military force to integrate Junagadh and Hyderabad state (Operation Polo) into India. On the other hand Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru kept the issue of Kashmir in his hands.

The Constituent Assembly completed the work of drafting the constitution on 26 November 1949; on 26 January 1950 the Republic of India was officially proclaimed. The Constituent Assembly elected Dr. Rajendra Prasad as the first President of India, taking over from Governor General Rajgopalachari. Subsequently India invaded and annexed Goa and Portugal's other Indian enclaves in 1961), the French ceded Chandernagore in 1951, and Pondichéry and its remaining Indian colonies in 1956, and Sikkim voted to join the Indian Union in 1975.

Following Independence in 1947, India remained in the Commonwealth of Nations, and relations between the UK and India have been friendly. There are many areas in which the two countries seek stronger ties for mutual benefit, and there are also strong cultural and social ties between the two nations. The UK has an ethnic Indian population of over 1.6 million. In 2010, Prime Minister David Cameron described Indian – British relations as the "New Special Relationship".[55

Imperial Entities of India

Imperial Entities of India
 

Dutch India 1604–1825
 

Danish India 1620–1869
 

French India 1759–1954
 

Portuguese India 1510–1961
 

Casa da Índia 1434–1833
 

Portuguese East India Company 1628–1633
 

British India 1613–1947
 

East India Company 1612–1757
 

Company rule in India 1757–1857
 

British Raj 1858–1947
 

British rule in Burma 1824–1942
1765–1947/48
 

Partition of India 1947

The Stolen Wealth of India During British Rule

The Stolen Wealth of India During British Rule

Though it is a bitter history of India, we Indians overcame that.
Everyone knows the history of India. But not all knows how much wealth it gave to this world. I don�t mean the literature and culture it taught to this world. I mean the real wealth, the money, the gold and diamonds stolen, looted by the British rulers, when they ruled India for nearly 200 years.
During the mid of 1770�s, the western countries, especially Britain had Industrial revolution and it was completely financed by the money looted from India. Even William Digby and British historian agreed that without the �Venture Capital� which was looted from Bengal, the Industrial Revolution might not have happened. In 1957, the Battle of Plessey happened among the Nawab of Bengal and British rulers. But Robert Clive defeated the effort of evicting the British rule. During this battle, Bengal got looted completely.
The looted money and wealth were then showered in the industrial revolution, which helped in the inventions like �The spinning Jenny� in the year 1764, �The water Frame�, a machine to spin cotton threads in the year 1769, �The Steam Engine� in the year 1785 and a lot more.
Apart from financing the British people to develop their inventions and economy, the wealth of India also helped Americans also to grow economically. During 19th century, USA levied heavy and stiff tariffs on any goods that are imported from Britain. Since Britain didn�t have any problem for wealth and money, as it was flowing from India, which they absorbed completely. So they didn�t care about the high taxes. So, the prosperity of India was shared with America also by the British rulers.
One more Englishman mentioned in his note about India, �Even after sucking the entire wealth of India, our government is still giving more sufferings to the people of India by forcing them to by their products like dresses which they wove by the inventions sponsored by Indian money. How people of hot country can wear a dress woven for a cold country like England?� and so on�
Anglophiles� note of apology says �British colonial rule in India was the organized banditry that financed England�s Industrial Revolution�. The British rulers even took over the technology of India, along with money. Will Durant, an American Historian mentioned in his note �India was flourishing in Ship building besides the expertise of making steel and textiles. But all got ruined when British took over those technologies�
Only few knows that the birth place of the world famous Kohinoor diamond (which means Mountain of Light), which is currently a part of the Royal British Crown Jewels, is India. This 105 carat diamond was the largest one at that time and it was kept by various Mughal Emperors. But it was later looted by the East Indian Company, which was then gifted to Queen Victoria when she was declared as �Empress of India� in the year 1877.
Roughly it has been estimated as one trillion dollar money that was looted by the British rulers in that 200 years ruling, apart from some other wealth like gold, diamonds and raw materials which got transported. India remains as a �Developing Country�.
Note: As I said earlier, though this is a bitter history, we Indians over came that and currently don�t have any hatred towards people of Britain. So, this is just a piece of old prosperous India�s story, I felt sharing.

देवराहा बाबा की अद्भुत कहानी,

सैकड़ों साल जीने वाले देवराहा  बाबा की अद्भुत कहानी.

 विचित्रता के लिए मशहूर भारत को साधु-संतों के लिए जाना जाता है। अपनी साधना, अलौकिक शक्ति और चमत्कार के लिए कई संत पूरी दुनिया में मशहूर हैं।

 उत्तर प्रदेश   के देवरिया जिले  में  मईल नामक  स्थान उनकी तपह्स्थलि  थी । मंगलवार, 19 जून सन् 1990 को योगिनी एकादशी के दिन अपना प्राण त्यागने वाले इस बाबा के जन्म के बारे में संशय है। कहा जाता है कि वह करीब 900 साल तक जिन्दा थे। (बाबा के संपूर्ण जीवन के बारे में अलग-अलग मत है, कुछ लोग उनका जीवन 250 साल तो कुछ लोग 500 साल मानते हैं।)

वह अवतारी व्यक्ति थे। उनका जीवन बहुत सरल और सौम्य था। वह फोटो कैमरे और टीवी जैसी चीजों को देख अचंभित रह जाते थे। वह उनसे अपनी फोटो लेने के लिए कहते थे, लेकिन आश्चर्य की बात यह थी कि उनका फोटो नहीं बनता था। वह नहीं चाहते तो रिवाल्वर से गोली नहीं चलती थी। उनका निर्जीव वस्तुओं पर नियंत्रण था।
कुंभ मेले के दौरान बाबा अलग-अलग जगहों पर प्रवास किया करते थे। गंगा-यमुना के तट पर उनका मंच लगता था।  जमीन से कई फीट ऊंचे स्थान पर बैठकर वह लोगों को आशीर्वाद दिया करते थे।
जनश्रूति के मुताबिक, वह खेचरी मुद्रा की वजह से आवागमन से कहीं भी कभी भी चले जाते थे। उनके आस-पास उगने वाले बबूल के पेड़ों में कांटे नहीं होते थे। चारों तरफ सुंगध ही सुंगध होता था।

बाबा सभी के मन की बातें जान लेते थे। उन्होंने पूरे जीवन कुछ नहीं खाया। सिर्फ दूध और शहद पीकर जीते थे। श्रीफल का रस उन्हें बहुत पसंद था।

सेलीब्रिटी भी झुकाते थे सिर

देवराहा बाबा के भक्तों में कई बड़े लोगों का नाम शुमार है। डॉ राजेंद्र प्रसाद, इंदिरा गांधी, राजीव गांधी, अटल बिहारी वाजपेयी, लालू प्रसाद, मुलायम सिंह और कमलापति त्रिपाठी जैसे राजनेता हर समस्या के समाधान के लिए बाबा की शरण में आते थे।

बिना सांस लिए पानी में रह जाते थे ।

जनश्रूति के मुताबिक, वह किसी महिला के गर्भ से नहीं बल्कि पानी से अवतरित हुए थे। यमुना के किनारे वृन्दावन में वह 30 मिनट तक पानी में बिना सांस लिए रह सकते थे। उनको जानवरों की भाषा समझ में आती थी। खतरनाक जंगली जानवारों को वह पल भर में काबू कर लेते थे।

13th of January Born People- Astrological impact

Birthday Persona Profile
People born specifically on the 13th of January are thought to be very down-to-earth, purposeful and dependable, like most typical Capricorn Goats. The ruling astrological planet for this particular day is Uranus giving you additional attributes of extra sharp intellect, a witty sense of humor and an excellent memory. If you have this birthday you are hardworking and although not overly ambitious you tend to sometimes focus on work a bit too much. You take your responsibilities in life seriously but you may need to ensure that it is not all work and no play to avoid stress. Individuals with a January the thirteenth birthday are generally cool and shy on the outside to protect their sensitive emotions. Usually only those close to you are privileged to know of your much warmer inside that is extremely loyal, thoughtful and perceptive.

Work and Finances
To a person born on the thirteenth of January career choices must be in an area of work that is interesting and involving. You will often choose your profession more for its job satisfaction or morality than for its pay rate. You need to feel happy and appreciated when working as you consider this an important part of your life and plans for the future. Individuals with this particular birth date are easily able to cope with any amount of income as they are fairly resourceful with finances. You have a sensible respect for financial matters and would rather do without something than borrow.

Personal Relationships
When it comes to love and romance the Capricorn born on the thirteenth day of January is typically bashful and cautious. Even though you commit a lot of your time towards building financial security you do this in the hope of sharing it with another. When seeking a soul mate you will put in the same thought and planning as you do with everything else. You will benefit from a partner that will be supportive of your need to keep busy and will share similar interests and aims in life. Emotionally you are proud and hesitant and will only commit to a long term personal relationship if you are 100% sure. Faithfulness in a relationship is an absolutely essential requirement for you and something that you may need reassurance on. Aside from this indiscretion you can be forgiving and understanding of most partnership problems.

Health
Health issues experienced by those born on January 13th are often due to imbalances between diet and regular exercise. You are a hard worker but find other forms of physical activity boring and unnecessary but you are also passionate about your food. While you are not that interested in exercising you have a keen curiosity in the benefits of balanced nutrition and usually enjoy experimenting with food. Areas and weak spots you could need to watch health wise if you are born on this day are your weight and joints. Try to make sure that you eat plenty of fish, nuts and fruit.

Strengths and Weaknesses
Your main strengths of character are in your autonomous and appreciative nature that is an inspiration to others. You are also goal orientated and this makes you organized and methodical in your approach and so capable of making lots of progress in life. A personality weakness recognizable for those born on January 13th centers on your adamant refusal to give up, or let go, of things. You also have a tendency to isolate yourself sometimes when worried about something. As you get older you realise that talking things over with someone you trust usually helps you find practical solutions.

Dreams and Goals
Being born on the 13th of January gives you a strong sense of purpose and the need for an intuitive direction in life. Any dreams and goals you may have can be quickly achieved with your skills of fine focus, dedication and powerful positive thinking. You are usually ready and willing to modify your main ambitions according to any personal commitments, but you will rarely be persuaded to change them completely. One of your most desired wishes for yourself is to do something personally worthwhile, even if only playing a small part, that will make a big difference to the lives of others.

Birthday Luck and Significance
As you were born on the thirteenth day of the month your date of birth digits add up to four so this is your Root number. This numerical association with your birthday has the keyword 'Honesty' and it highlights your straightforward impartial attitude. The Tarot card for this day is the 13th card in the Major Arcana Death, do not worry this just symbolizes your fear of letting go of the past. This is simply a sign of something you will learn to overcome in life. The lucky gemstone for January the thirteenth birthdays is Topaz and this is believed to bring you added confidence and help you relax.

Summation
Saturn is the astrological planet thought to have the most influence in determining the personalities of all Capricorns. So some of your characteristics are determined by this celestial body. However, the actual day you were born, the thirteenth of January, is governed by a different planet Uranus. This cosmic force combines with Saturn's and gives you all the little extras in your personality that make you unique within your zodiac group. Your independent streak, resoluteness and organizational abilities give you much of what you need to go as far as you wish in life. If you can beat your apprehension at relinquishing things and find emotional security you yearn for you will be able to move forward much faster. A final reflection for people born on January 13th is that while money most often than not makes life easier, it does not always necessarily make it happier.

Kumbh Rashi 2013

Astrologer Ddinesh Kapur

For those born in Kumbha rashi (vedic Moon sign of Aquarius), Rahu transits the auspicious 9th house and Ketu transits the 3rd house from rashi - which is auspicious; So, those born in Kumbha rashi have a good influence based on the transit of nodes this time. You are further supported by good Jupiter transit from end of May 2013. You have a good spread of dinner on your tables and unless you spoil it, your party is likely to go great in the near future! Just be patient during the first half of the year 2013 - wait for the good effects to take form and manifest after May 2013.

Trimbkeshwar Temple

 श्री त्र्यम्बकेश्वर:-
यह ज्योतिर्लिंग महाराष्ट्र प्रांत में नासिक से 30 किलोमीटर दूर पश्चिम में स्थित है। इस ज्योतिर्लिंग की स्थापना के विषय में शिवपुराण में यह कथा वर्णित है-

एक बार महर्षि गौतम के तपोवन में रहने वाले ब्राह्मणों की पत्नियाँ किसी बात पर उनकी पत्नी अहिल्या से नाराज हो गईं। उन्होंने अपने पतियों को ऋषि गौतम का अपकार करने के लिए प्रेरित किया। उन ब्राह्मणों ने इसके निमित्त भगवान्‌ श्रीगणेशजी की आराधना की।

उनकी आाधना से प्रसन्न हो गणेशजी ने प्रकट होकर उनसे वर माँगने को कहा उन ब्राह्मणों ने कहा- 'प्रभो! यदि आप हम पर प्रसन्न हैं तो किसी प्रकार ऋषि गौतम को इस आश्रम से बाहर निकाल दें।' उनकी यह बात सुनकर गणेशजी ने उन्हें ऐसा वर माँगने के लिए समझाया। किंतु वे अपने आग्रह पर अटल रहे।

अंततः गणेशजी को विवश होकर उकी बात माननी पड़ी। अपने भक्तों का मन रखने के लिए वे एक दुर्बल गाय का रूप धारण करके ऋषि गौतम के खेत में जाकर रहने लगे। गाय को फसल चरते देखकर ऋषि बड़ी नरमी के साथ हाथ में तृण लेकर उसे हाँकने के लिए लपके। उन तृणों का स्पर्श होते ही वह गाय वहीं मरकर गिर पड़ी। अब तो बड़ा हाहाकार मचा।
सारे ब्राह्मण एकत्र हो गो-हत्यारा कहकर ऋषि गौतम की भर्त्सना करने लगे। ऋषि गौतम इस घटना से बहुत आश्चर्यचकित और दुःखी थे। अब उन सारे ब्राह्मणों ने कहा कि तुम्हें यह आश्रम छोड़कर अन्यत्र कहीं दूर चले जाना चाहिए। गो-हत्यारे के निकट रहने से हमें भी पाप लगेगा। विवश होकर ऋषि गौतम अपनी पत्नी अहिल्या के साथ वहाँ से एक कोस दूर जाकर रहने लगे। किंतु उन ब्राह्मणों ने वहाँ भी उनका रहना दूभर कर दिया। वे कहने लगे- 'गो-हत्या के कारण तुम्हें अब वेद-पाठ और यज्ञादि के कार्य करने का कोई अधिकार नहीं रह गया।' अत्यंत अनुनय भाव से ऋषि गौतम ने उन ब्राह्मणों से प्रार्थना की कि आप लोग मेरे प्रायश्चित और उद्धार का कोई उपाय बताएँ।

तब उन्होंने कहा- 'गौतम! तुम अपने पाप को सर्वत्र सबको बताते हुए तीन बार पूरी पृथ्वी की परिक्रमा करो। फिर लौटकर यहाँ एक महीने तक व्रत करो। इसके बाद 'ब्रह्मगिरी' की 101 परिक्रमा करने के बाद तुम्हारी शुद्धि होगी अथवा यहाँ गंगाजी को लाकर उनके जल से स्नान करके एक करोड़ पार्थिव शिवलिंगों से शिवजी की आराधना करो। इसके बाद पुनः गंगाजी में स्नान करके इस ब्रह्मगरी की 11 बार परिक्रमा करो। फिर सौ घड़ों के पवित्र जल से पार्थिव शिवलिंगों को स्नान कराने से तुम्हारा उद्धार होगा।

ब्राह्मणों के कथनानुसार महर्षि गौतम वे सारे कार्य पूरे करके पत्नी के साथ पूर्णतः तल्लीन होकर भगवान्‌ शिव की आराधना करने लगे। इससे प्रसन्न हो भगवान्‌ शिव ने प्रकट होकर उनसे वर माँगने को कहा। महर्षि गौतम ने उनसे कहा- 'भगवान्‌ मैं यही चाहता हूँ कि आप मुझे गो-हत्या के पाप से मुक्त कर दें।' भगवान्‌ शिव ने कहा- 'गौतम ! तुम सर्वथा निष्पाप हो। गो-हत्या का अपराध तुम पर छलपूर्वक लगाया गया था। छलपूर्वक ऐसा करवाने वाले तुम्हारे आश्रम के ब्राह्मणों को मैं दण्ड देना चाहता हूँ।'

इस पर महर्षि गौतम ने कहा कि प्रभु! उन्हीं के निमित्त से तो मुझे आपका दर्शन प्राप्त हुआ है। अब उन्हें मेरा परमहित समझकर उन पर आप क्रोध न करें।' बहुत से ऋषियों, मुनियों और देवगणों ने वहाँ एकत्र हो गौतम की बात का अनुमोदन करते हुए भगवान्‌ शिव से सदा वहाँ निवास करने की प्रार्थना की। वे उनकी बात मानकर वहाँ त्र्यम्ब ज्योतिर्लिंग के नाम से स्थित हो गए। गौतमजी द्वारा लाई गई गंगाजी भी वहाँ पास में गोदावरी नाम से प्रवाहित होने लगीं। यह ज्योतिर्लिंग समस्त पुण्यों को प्रदान करने वाला है।